Recursion
Recursion Definition : Recursion is a powerful technique in computer programming where a function calls itself in order to solve a problem. It is a way to break down a complex problem into smaller, manageable parts. One of the most common examples of recursion is the calculation of factorials, which is the product of all numbers from 1 to a given number. In C++, a recursive function for calculating factorials would look like this: Example : int factorial(int n) { if (n == 0) { return 1; } else { return n * factorial(n - 1); } } Explanation : In this example, the function checks if the input number is 0. If it is, the function returns 1, as 0! = 1 by definition. If the input number is not 0, the function calls itself with an input of n-1. This process continues until the input number is 0, at which point the function returns the product of all the numbers that have been multiplied tog...